表迅捷义的“X速”词族的功能、用法与发展——兼论加词的兼类性质与副词的词类归属

Functions,Usages and Evolvements of "X速" Words:Remarks Also on the Nature of Adjunctive Words and Adverbs

根据分布与用频,当代汉语"X速"可分为三类:实副词、兼类词、前加词。典型或兼类的实副词均保留着实词的特点,功能上可以充当指称或修饰性成分的状语;语义上可以划分出迅捷度不等的三类。由于各词的源义积淀与形象色彩略有不同,使用中经常共现配合。"X速"因为词化、专化、转化与简化等动因而副词化;总体发展趋势是词义特色逐步淡化而搭配范围扩大,摹状功能扩展而非状功能逐渐弱化乃至消亡。

According to their distribution and the frequency of use,the words of the ＂X速（roughly meaning quick or quickly）＂ word family in contemporary Chinese can be divided into three types： notional adverbs,multi-category words and adjunctive words.The notional adverbs ＂X速＂ are still retaining the syntactic characteristics of notional words,and can serve as the modifiers of gerunds and participles.The degree meanings of every ＂X速＂ notional adverbs can be divided into three parts,and the special differences in each adverbs are the colorful images of the original words,and different kinds of notional adverbs ＂X速＂ are often concurrence with each other.The adverbial lexicalizations of the＂X速＂ notional adverbs include the solidifying,specialization,simplification and transformation.The overall development trend of the adverbs is an adverbial function expansion,the colorful images of original meaning gradually fade with the collocation expanding,and the non-adverbial functions now have gradually blurred or died.