鸡冠花与青葙杂交新品系的选育

Breeding New Cockscomb Varieties by Distant Hybridization of Celosia cristata and C. argentea

利用远缘杂交和回交技术,将栽培鸡冠花与它的近缘种——青葙杂交选育系列鸡冠花新品系。结果表明,通过应用30～50 mg/L GA3+20 mg/L NAA的激素液处理,明显提高了杂种获得率和饱满种子率;应用矮黄冠与杂种回交,在回交后代中发现花序性状、叶片大小、分枝及植株高度等性状变异很宽广的材料。通过定向选择培育,经7～9代自交选育成株型较高、多分枝红色穗状花序的千穗红,多分枝塔型红色或黄色的红塔林、黄塔林等新品系;矮秆冠状或多穗型的矮火炬、矮红冠新品系以及冠状、穗状相聚的众星捧月,冠状、穗状和凤尾状三结合的红三元新品系,这些新品系具有野生亲本抗病性强的优点,明显比栽培鸡冠花抗病性强。

Distant hybridization and backcross between Celosia cristata and C.argentea was applied to select new varieties of cockscomb.The seed setting rate and satiation degree of the seeds of the hybrid were low due to species isolation between the two species.Application of plant hormone treatment of 30 mg/L to 50mg/L GA3 and 20 mg/L NAA could improve the acquisition and plump seeds ratio.In view of the relatively great height and discrete spike in hybrid,the new strain（short stalk and yellow crowned） and older hybrid were backcrossed.Various materials of different panicle trait,leaf size,number of branches and plant height in hybrid were found.After self-crossing for 7 to 9 generations through directional selection,new variaties such as ＂Qiansuihong＂ of relatively great height and red branch,＂Red-Tower Style＂ or ＂Yellow-Tower Style＂ of red or yellow multi-branch which has a tower-like structure,＂Dwarf Torch＂ of dwarf lance or multi-spike,＂Red Dwarf Torch＂,＂Moon Queen＂ and a new strain which had crest,multi-spike,inabigbond-like structures were obtained.All these new strains had stronger disease resistance ability than C.cristata.