营养干预降低心血管疾病风险的研究

STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF NUTRITION INTERVENTION TO REDUCE THE RISKS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

目的研究农民蔬菜水果的摄入,减少钠盐食用等营养干预对降低心血管疾病的风险和预防心血管疾病的发生和发展的意义。方法在天津农村社区选取18～65岁的农民1106人作为研究对象,其中干预组为549人,对照组为557人,干预前后进行入户问卷调查、膳食调查、体格检查和生化检测。采用讲座、多种形式在农民中开展营养干预,干预期一年。结果干预组蔬菜水果摄入量每人每日由205.94±108.91g显著上升到250.51±113.36 g,钠盐摄入由9.69±4.69 g明显减少至7.94±2.61 g,血压下降2mmHg;血中叶酸浓度上升1.7 ng/ml,同型半胱氨酸下降7μmol/L;尿钠减少12 mmol/L;尿钾增加16 mmol/L。结论开展针对性的营养宣教可以预防和控制心血管疾病。因此,应广泛开展健康教育、倡导健康生活方式,特别是在医疗资源相对匮乏的农村开展。尽快转向预防为主的医学模式,降低慢性疾病负担。

Objective To promote the daily intake of vegetables and fruits and decrease the salt consumption in the farmers for reducing the risk factors of cardiovascular disease.Method One thousand one handred and six subjects aged 18-65 were recruited from two villages within 60 km with similar background of culture,economy and population proportion.One village of 549 subjects was under intervention,and another of 557 subjects was control.The effect of nutrition intervention for reducing the risk factors of cardiovasculan disease was observed by questionnaires,diet survey,physical examination and biomarkers detection before and after the intervention for one year.Results The daily intake of vegetables and fruits was increased while salt was decreased in the intervention group.Accordingly,the systolic and diastolic blood pressure dropped 2 mmHg,and blood folic acid elevated 1.7 ng/ml while homocysteine declined 7 μmol/L.The urine sodium fell off 12 mmol/L while potassium raised 16 mmol/L.The differences were significant between the two groups.Conclusion Increased intake of vegetables and fruits in combination with decreased intake of salt is effective to reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular disease.