上海临港新城土壤动物群落结构时空格局研究

Study on Temporal and Spatial Variation of Soil Fauna Community in Different Natural Vegetations of Lingang New City,Shanghai

为掌握上海临港新城地区不同干扰强度下土壤动物群落的时空动态特征,2009年12月至2010年9月对临港新城土壤动物按不同季节进行了调查,分为人工林、荒地、草地、次生林和农田5种生境.共获得土壤动物1 663只,隶属于2门7纲25个大类;其中优势类群为蜱螨目(Acarina)和弹尾目(Collembola),分别占总数的41.19%和19.00%,A/C值为2.16;常见类群有啮目(Psocoptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、鞘翅目(Coleoptera),双翅目(Diptera)、原尾目(Protura)、双尾目(Diplura)和等足目(Isopoda).从Shannon-Wiener指数看:人工林(1.990)>农田(1.950)>次生林(1.840)>草地(1.690)>荒地(1.400);春季和冬季比较接近,均大于夏季和秋季两季.可见,时空格局对土壤动物多样性的影响较大.绿化带中土壤动物的总体数量及种类偏少,城市化过程中的绿化进程对土壤动物多样性会产生一定的负面影响.

To understand the temporal and spatial variation of soil animals under different disturbance strength in Lingang New City,The soil animals there were investigated from December 2009 to September 2010.Five typical habitats in this area were chosen,such as planted forest,wasteland,grassland,secondary forest and farmland.The soil animals were investigated in four different seasons.A total number of 1663 soil animals belonging to 25 groups,7 classes,2 phylums were got.The dominant groups were Acarina and Collembola,respectively,accounting for the total number 41.19% and 19.00%,so the ratio of Acarina to Collembola was 2.16.The widespread groups were Psocoptera,Hymenoptera,Coleoptera,Diptera,Protura,Diplura and Isopoda.The index of Shannon-Wiener showed that man-made forest（1.990）〉farm land（1.950）〉secondary forest（1.840）〉grassland（1.690）〉wasteland（1.400）;according to different seasons,the diversity index of soil animal in spring and winter was approximate,obviously higher than the other seasons.So the diversity of soil animals was quite influenced by the pattern of temporal and spatial.The total number and species were rare in the artificial vegetation,it meant that the activity of urban landscaping impacted negatively to the diversity of soil animals.