医疗服务于农民:奢侈品还是必需品?——基于1990—2009年城乡医疗需求收入弹性比较研究

Is the Medical Service to Rural Residents Luxury or Necessity? Based on Rural and Urban Comparison of Medical Demand Income Elasticity:1990—2009

为分析当前医疗服务对农村居民而言是奢侈品还是必需品,本文收集整理1990—2009年城乡医疗相关数据计算医疗需求收入弹性。研究发现,农村医疗服务自2004年转化为必需品,转化时点滞后于城市;目前农村医疗需求收入弹性仍远高于城市。在收入增长的财富效应、基本医疗保障的收入再分配效应及医疗外部投入的替代效应三重视角剖析城乡医疗需求差异的影响机制分析基础上提出改进农村医疗实际购买力、提高农村基本医疗保障比重、发展商业补充医疗保险及稳定农村医疗外部投入的政策建议。

Is the medical service luxury or necessity in rural area? Based on medical demand income elasticity,research finds that:(1) rural medical service became necessity after 2004 and it was later than urban;(2) rural medical demand income elasticity is still higher.In view of wealth effect of income,income redistribution of basic medical security and the substitution effect of medical input,the research analyzes different effect mechanisms of rural-urban medical demand.At last,corresponding policies are put forward,including strengthening rural medical purchasing power,improving rural basic medical security,promoting supplementary medical insurance and keeping rural medical input.