佝偻病动物模型建立及骨损伤实验观察

Animal model of rickets and pathological changes in bone

目的：建立佝偻病幼鼠动物模型并观察骨组织病理变化，为儿科临床佝偻病防治提供理论实验依据。方法：选用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ幼鼠随机分模型组（３６只）和正常对照组（１２只），模型组避光并使用经典缺Ｄ饲料配方喂养，与正常组比较观察幼鼠生长发育、性情、血生化、Ｘ片及骨组织病理变化。结果：模型组较正常组饲养１月后幼鼠生长缓慢，身长、体重均低于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；血钙、磷较正常组降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），血ＡＫＰ较正常组升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；股骨灰重较正常对照组减轻（Ｐ＜０．０１）；骨病理显微测量骺板厚度、软骨细胞层数、肥大的软骨细胞直径与正常对照组比较差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。模型组幼鼠出现腹胀，脊柱弯曲，胸部畸形，串珠，“手躅”征。Ｘ片表现为临时钙化带模糊不清。结论：在缺Ｄ避光一月时，Ｗｉｓｔａｒ幼鼠佝偻病动物模型制造成功，其骨组织病理与人佝偻病骨病变基本一致。

Objective:To establish an animal model of rickets for studying its pathological changes in bone to same as a reference in prophylaxis and treatment of rickets in pediatry.Methods:21 days old weaning young Wistar rats used in experiment were divided into 2 groups:the experimenttal group(36 rats) kept away from sunlight and fed with vitamin D deficient diet according to formula of America Numerof modified U.S.P No 2 and control group(12 rats) fed with normal diet for 30 days.The weight,length,plasma level of Ca 2+ ,P 3+ ,AKP activity,X ray and histological changes were measured in both groups for comparison.Results:The weight,lenght,plasma level of Ca 2+ ,P 3+ were significantly decreased,but the plasmic AKP level was elevated in experimental rats as compared with normal controls( P <0.01).The experimental rats showed to have abdominal distension,rachitic rosary,spinal kyphosis,thoracic deformities and bracelet.The X ray of long bones in experimental rats showed blurring of epiphyseal growth plate and brush changes in metaphysis.Under light microscopy epiphyseal plate legth,chondrocytes layer,chondrocyte cell diameter were showed to be significantly increased in experimental rats( P <0.01).Conclusions:The rickets model was succesfully established in young wistar rats through vitamin D deficiency and kept away from sunlight over a period of 30 days.The main pathological changes are similar to those of human rickets.