元明时期汉语让步连词的若干特点

On Characteristics of Concession Conjunctions in Yuan and Ming Dynasties

通过元明时期6种文献的计量考察,发现元明时期的汉语让步连词中双音节连词已明显多于单音节连词,但是就总例证数而言单音节连词尚在使用频率上占优势。从使用方式看,通常有"单独使用"或者"异形连用"等方式,但未见"同形连用"的;从连接语言单位看,一般都可连接分句,但未见只能连接词、短语的,也未见只能连接句子的;从句法位置看,只用于主语前和主语前后皆出现的数量较多,只用于主语后的数量较少。与晚唐五代及现代汉语相比较,元明时期的汉语让步连词尚处于相对稳定又不断演变之中。

A quantitative survey of the six documentary files in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties suggests that double syllable concession conjunctions in that period was considerably more than monosyllable concession conjunctions in number,yet from the perspective of the total number of examples,monosyllable concession conjunctions were still used more frequently.From the perspective of usage,concession conjunctions were generally used independently or in connective different forms rather than in connective identical forms.From the perspective of language unit,concession conjunctions usually connect clauses rather than words,phrases or sentences.From the perspective of syntax position,concession conjunctions occurred more often solely before the subject or both before and after the subject,and occurred less often solely after the subject.Compared with Later Tang-Wudai and modern Chinese,concession conjunctions in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties were relatively stable yet still constantly evolving.