牛心右心室主要结构解剖学观测

Anatomic observation on the main structures of right ventricle in cattle heart

目的观测黄牛心脏右心室的解剖结构,为比较解剖学积累资料。方法 1.33 mol.L-1甲醛溶液固定新鲜黄牛心脏31例,利用大体解剖方法观测右心室结构。结果黄牛心脏右心室呈锥体形,其室壁平均厚度为(10.53±1.70)mm,三尖瓣平均周径为(145.84±27.22)mm,前瓣、后瓣、隔侧瓣平均高度分别为(35.40±7.78)、(30.18±6.64)、(30.37±5.75)mm,平均宽度分别为(45.42±11.73)、(52.15±13.98)、(63.17±15.10)mm,平均层数分别为4.58±0.96、4.97±0.89、5.90±1.30。腱索较多且细小,前乳头肌至前尖、后尖、外侧连合的条数分别为4.03±1.30、3.81±1.56、1.48±0.81;后乳头肌至后尖、隔侧尖、后内侧连合的条数分别为4.16±1.55、4.48±1.67、1.58±0.67;隔侧乳头肌至前尖、隔侧尖、前内侧连合的条数分别为3.71±1.35、5.55±1.61、1.52±0.10。假腱索连于乳头肌与室壁或室壁之间,出现率为100%,平均条数为30.19±10.90;乳头肌成群出现,前、后、隔侧乳头肌平均条数分别为1.00±0.00、1.77±0.76、1.06±0.25。隔缘肉柱平均长度为(44.33±10.98)mm,平均直径为(4.76±3.69)mm。右心室流出道主要结构为肺动脉瓣环、肺动脉瓣、肺动脉窦。肺动脉瓣环平均周径为(100.18±13.11)mm,左瓣、右瓣、前瓣平均高度分别为(13.75±2.75)、(13.59±2.58)、(14.11±2.50)mm,平均宽度分别为(34.99±7.02)、(35.41±3.92)、(39.04±6.75)mm。结论黄牛心脏右心室结构与人相似,但大小、假腱索及腱索总数有一定差异。

Objective To observe the anatomic structure of the right ventricle in cattle,in order to accumulate data for comparative anatomy.Methods Thirty-one hearts of cattle were fixed with formaldehyde solution（1.33 mol·L-1）,then the structures of right ventricles were observed with gross anotomy method.Results The right ventricle of cattle heart was a cone and the average thickness of its wall was（10.53±1.70）mm.The average circumference of tricuspid was（145.84±27.22）mm.The average heights of anterior cusp,posterior cusp and septal cusp were（35.40±7.78）,（30.18±6.64）,（30.37±5.75）mm respectively,the average width were（45.42±11.73）,（52.15±13.98）,（63.17±15.10）mm respectively,and the average strata were 4.58±0.96,4.97±0.89 and 5.90±1.30 respectively.There were many and exiguous chordae tendineae.The average numbers of chordae tendineae form anterior papillary muscles to anterior cusp,posterior cusp and lateral were 4.03±1.30,3.81±1.56 and 1.48±0.81 respectively.The average numbers of chordae tendineae form posterior papillary muscles to anterior cusp,septal cusp and posteriomedialis were 4.16±1.55,4.48±1.67 and 1.58±0.67 respectively.The average numbers of chordae tendineae from septal papillary muscles to anterior cusp,septal cusp and anteriomedialis were 3.71±1.35,5.55±1.61 and 1.52±0.10 respectively.False tendons existed between papillary muscles and the wall of right ventricle or between the walls of right ventricle commonly and the frequency of false tendons was 100%,and the average number of false tendons was 30.19±10.90.Columna papillares appeared in group,and the average numbers of anterior papillary muscles,posterior papillary muscles and septal papillary muscles were 1.00±0.00,1.77±0.76 and 1.06±0.25 respectively.The average length of moderator band was（44.33±10.98） mm and the average diameter was（4.76±3.69）mm.The main structures of the right ventricular outflow were composed of pulmonary valve ring,pulmonary valve and sinus arteriae pulmonalis.The average circumference of pulmonary valve ring was（100.18±13.11）mm,the average height of left,right and anterior pulmonary valve were（13.75±2.75）,（13.59±2.58） and（14.11±2.50）mm respectively,the average width of them were（34.99±7.02）,（35.41±3.92） and（39.04±6.75）mm respectively.Conclusion The right ventricle of cattle is similar to that of human heart in structure,but there were differences in size and the total number of chordae tendineae and false tendon.