高温对设施甜樱桃花药发育和花粉粒形成的影响

Effects of High Temperature on the Anther and Pollen Development of Sweet Cherry in Solar Greenhouse

在人工气候室内对花药发育不同时期的‘红灯’甜樱桃(Prunus avium‘Hongdeng’)进行高温处理,利用石蜡制片法,观察短时间高温胁迫对花药发育和花粉粒形成的影响。结果表明:花粉母细胞减数分裂时期35℃高温处理4h,减数分裂形成异常多分体比例为对照的14倍,随后部分花粉解体消失,花药干枯,残存的花粉粒离体培养不萌发;单核花粉时期或单核花粉有丝分裂时期进行35℃处理,不同程度加快了花药的发育进程,其中由于绒毡层和中层细胞提前解体,不能持续稳定地供给营养物质,造成部分花粉粒的解体消失;花期花药变褐率增加,快速干瘪,不能正常散粉;产生的成熟花粉粒大都瘪小,离体培养萌发率显著降低。说明甜樱桃整个花芽萌动期雄蕊对高温胁迫都非常敏感,较早高温胁迫对雄蕊的危害程度更大。

Effects of high temperature on microsporegenesis pollen development of＇Hongdeng＇ sweet cherry was studied by microscopic observation.The results showed that stamens of sweet cherry were sensitive to high temperature stress during sprouting time and were more likely to be damaged in earlier stage.More abnormal tetrads generated after 4 hours of 35℃ treatment during meiosis,which was 14 times of the control.The microspores began to degenerate in the following time and the remaining pollens were not able to germinate.The development of spores were promoted by 4 hours of 35℃ treatment during karyokinesis both in mononuclear microspore stage and mononuclear microspore stage.However,some microspores disappeared due to the disability of nutrition supplying caused by the disorganization of tapetal layer and middle layer.More anthers were found turning brown,and shriveling,with low gemination rates,during florescence after 35℃ treatment.