衡阳市2008～2010年HIV职业暴露情况分析

Analysis of occupational exposure to HIV in hengyang city during 2008-2010

目的了解发生HIV职业暴露的主要原因、方式及危险性,探讨有效的防治措施。方法对衡阳市2008～2010年度发生的45起61名公安、医护人员在工作中发生的HIV职业暴露事件的原因、方式及危险性进行分析。结果暴露的61名公安、医护人员中,公安人员39人,医护人员22人,两者分别占暴露总数的63.93%、36.07%;暴露方式以针刺伤为主,占40.98%;98.36%的人在暴露后进行了清水冲洗等局部处理,36人进行了预防性服药;目前为止,无职业暴露后HIV感染发生。结论公安、医护人员是艾滋病的高危人群,加强对他们艾滋病防治知识的培训,增强其个人防护意识,严格执行标准预防,以及暴露后的应急处理措施,是降低HIV职业暴露风险的有效方法 。

Objective To explore the leading causes, forms and risks of occupational exposure and probe into effective prevention and control approaches. Methods The leading causes, forms and risks of 45 accidental occupational exposure to HIV among 39 police officers and 22 doctors and nurses in Hengyang city during 2008-2010 were analysed. Results Of these peoples, 63.93% were police offices and 36.07% doctors and nurses. The main exposure form is pricking wound （40.98%）, the majority of people cleaned the wound with clear water （98.36%）, 36 took drug prophylaxis and all the exposure populates weren＇t infected with HIV. Conclusion The police offices, doctors and nurses are highly-risky groups. Strengthening training, promotion of prevention awareness and enforcement of drug prophylaxis strictly and measures taken after exposure are effective approaches to lower the risk of occupational exposure to HIV.