大坝安全与安全管理若干重大问题及其对策

Some important issues of dam safety and safety management and countermeasures

在我国已建的8万余座水库中,有近40%的水库大坝存在病险问题。为了提高对水库大坝除险加固工程的科学认识,促进大坝安全管理技术的发展,在统计分析我国大坝安全现状的基础上,着重介绍了大坝安全管理方面的若干重大课题,以及大坝安全监测、检测和大坝除险加固与维护技术的发展方向;阐述了完善大坝安全管理法规、标准与管理体系的必要性,以及提高大坝风险管理水平的理念;提出了加强大坝安全信息化建设、深化水库群综合调度研究、加快加固治理新技术研究与应用等对策与措施。对于现阶段大规模水库除险加固工程的开展,具有较强的针对性和指导意义。

There are over 80 000 reservoirs built in China,40% of which are in danger.In order to strengthen the understanding of danger removal and reinforcement of dams and reservoirs and develop dam safety management technology,we focus on some important issues of dam safety management and the developing trend of safety monitoring and detecting,danger removal,reinforcement and maintenance of dams based on statistics and analysis of the situation of the dam safety in China.We describe the necessity of improving laws and rules,standard and system of dam safety management and the concept of enhancing dam risk management.The suggestions and countermeasures are proposed in the aspects of improving informatization construction of dam safety,further studying comprehensive operation of reservoir group and accelerating the research and application of new technologies of reinforcement and regulation.It is of great significance to the large-scale danger removal and reinforcement of dams at present.