司法改革中的检、法关系:进路、反思与前瞻

Relationship between Procuratorates and Courts in Judicial Reform:Approaches,Reflections and Prospects

围绕检、法两院关系的重构,理论界和实务界形成了两种不同的改革方案:监督本位型主张扩充检察权,使检察院成为法院之上的司法机关;审判中心型则主张以"控、辩、审"的诉讼架构重构检、法关系。但经过十余年的司法改革后,我国检、法两院的关系既未实现向监督本位型的转变,也未达到审判中心型的高度。检、法两院的关系重构涉及我国宪政国家体制的调整,在可预见的一段时间内并不具备彻底重构的条件,现行检、法关系的整体格局将长期维持现状。务实的司法改革应当考虑现行司法体制中检、法两院地位平等的事实,在现实的政治语境中基于合目的性的考量配置司法职权。

As to the relationship between Procuratorates and Courts,there are two reform approaches： one is Supervision-oriented model which advocates expansion of prosecutorial legal supervision powers so that the Procuratorates become judicial authority above the Courts,and the other is Trial-centered model which seeks to reconstruct the relationship according to the procedure structure.However,after more than ten years of judicial reform,neither of the approaches has succeeded.Reconstruction of the relationships between Procuratorates and Courts involves the adjustment of constitutional government systems with Chinese characteristics which are not likely to change in the foreseeable future,so the status quo will remain in the relationship between Procuratorates and Courts.Any realistic judicial reform should take into account the fact that Procuratorates and Courts are equal institutions in the present judicial practice,and allocate the judicial power between Procuratorates and Courts reasonably.