山西长治湿地草本植物优势种群和群落的空间格局分析

Spatial pattern analysis of herbaceous community for dominant species and communities in Changzhi wetland,Shanxi

种群和群落空间格局分析是揭示群落结构的重要手段,目前已成为现代植物生态学的研究热点之一。长治湿地位于长治市主城区西北3 km处,是山西省面积最大和保存最好的水库湿地。本研究应用除趋势对应分析(DCA)与双项轨迹方差法(TTLQV)相结合的方法,对长治湿地草本植物优势种群和群落的分布格局进行分析。结果表明,在长治湿地草本植物群落空间格局分析中,这2种方法的结合可以成功地揭示群落的特征。同时群落格局与其优势种的格局关系密切,扁秆藨草+芦苇群系和小苜蓿+双穗雀稗群系的格局差异明显,随着土壤水分含量的减少,群落的格局规模减少,群落分布格局不仅受优势种的生物学特性影响,还受环境因子制约,优势种群的小斑块规模一般为20～290 cm,大斑块规模则多为900～1 270 cm,格局规模随优势种的生物学特性而变化,并且土壤水分等环境因子在格局形成和变化中也起着重要作用,结果很好的揭示了长治湿地草本植物群落的结构特征。

Spatial pattern analysis of population and community is important to reveal community structure and has become a key topic in modern plant ecology.Changzhi wetland,located in the northwest of Changzhi city,is the largest and best-preserved wetland in Shanxi province,China.Based on field investigations of herbaceous community transects,the method combines detrended correspondence analysis（DCA） ordination technique with a two-term local quadrat variance（TTLQV） method to analyse the herbaceous community pattern of dominant species and communities in Changzhi wetland.Application of the combined methods successfully revealed herbaceous community structure.The community pattern was closely correlated with that of the dominant species.The patterns of Scirpus planiculmis＋Phragmites australis and Medicago minima＋Paspalum paspaloides were significantly different from each other and the pattern scale gradually decreased with reduced soil moisture,and the herbaceous community patterns of dominant species and communities in Changzhi wetland were not only related to the biological characteristics of species,but were also affected by environmental factors.The small patch scale of dominant species varied from 20 to 290 cm,while the large patch scale usually varied from 900 to 1 270 cm.The results successfully showed the characteristics of species distribution and community structure of Changzhi wetland in Shanxi province.