外来植物黄顶菊的入侵机制及生态调控技术研究进展

Invasion mechanism and ecological management of exotic plant,Flaveria bidentis

黄顶菊是近年来入侵我国的一种外来植物,其强大的繁殖能力和入侵性已经对生态环境造成了严重的危害,同时也威胁到农业生态安全。基于此,笔者围绕黄顶菊入侵的生态学机制和生态调控方法等进行了综述。首先,黄顶菊的化感作用和其对不利环境条件的快速适应能力对其入侵扩张具有重要作用;其次,黄顶菊和土壤生态系统之间可能形成"正反馈"作用机制,而这种机制又进一步促进了其成功入侵,其对土壤生态系统包括对养分循环、酶活性和微生物的组成和功能等均产生了深远影响;最后,遵循种群演替的基本规律,可通过建立能与黄顶菊抗衡的本地植被实现生态重建从而达到遏制其扩张,其中选择竞争力强且适合当地气候条件的植物材料至关重要。在此基础上,笔者围绕如何有效控制黄顶菊的危害尚需开展的工作进行了展望,以期为实现对其有效管理和利用提供参考。

Flaveria bidentis,an annual exotic weed invaded China in recent years,has caused huge damage to the ecological environment with its strong ability to reproduce and invasive nature.At the same time,its invasion also threatens the safety of agricultural ecology.Based on this knowledge,recent research in its invasion mechanism and ecological management measures were summarized in this paper.Firstly,allelopathic properties and the rapid adaptive traits of F.bidentis may contribute to its strong invasion and wide distribution.Secondly,F.bidentis can cause soil-based ecosystem processes change following its invasion,and such changes could establish positive feedbacks,which further enhance its successful spread in turn.As a result,the invasion of F.bidentis has profoundly influence nutrient cycling,enzyme activities and microbial community composition and function as well.Finally,based on the fundamental ecological principles underlying succession,it was proposed that the competitive ability of native vegetation should be established through restoration activities in order to reduce the proliferation of F.bidentis,and the selection of competitive candidate plant species well adapted to restoration site conditions are important keys to success.On this basis,the further researches needed for F.bidentis was also proposed for its wise management and possible utilization.