帕米尔高原一起流行性腮腺炎暴发的流行特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of an outbreak of mumps in Pamirs

目的了解2007年帕米尔高原腹地的塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县流行性腮腺炎的流行特征。方法对2007年报告和发现的流行性腮腺炎病例进行现场流行病学个案调查,采用描述性研究方法,利用全国法定传染病报告系统和公共卫生突发事件报告系统的流行性腮腺炎疫情资料进行综合分析。结果 2007年6月～2008年1月塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县共报告流行性腮腺炎临床诊断病例876例,罹患率为25.37‰,发病特点为春季无病例发生,其余3个季节均有发病,主要集中在秋末冬初,发病年龄集中在5～15岁,占发病的92.47%,城区罹患率高于农牧区,分别为35.64‰和7.65‰,男女性别比为1.15:1,有明显的职业特征,学生和托幼儿童为高发人群,占94.41%,并发症发生率为1.83%。结论流行性腮腺炎已成为危害学生和托幼儿童健康的主要传染病之一,发病明显高于计划免疫针对疾病,建议开展流行性腮腺炎免疫策略研究,制定合理、规范、科学的接种方案,并加以实施,以提高易感人群免疫水平,从根本上减少流行性腮腺炎发病。

Objective To understand epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Taxkurgan Tajik Autonomous County in Pamirs in 2007.Methods Epidemiological case investigation on mumps reported in 2007 was carried out by descriptive epidemiology in the field.Epidemic data of mumps was analyzed comprehensively according to National Notifiable Disease Reporting System and Sudden Public Health Reporting System.Results Totally 876 cases with mumps by clinical diagnosis were reported in Taxkurgan Tajik County from June 2007 to January 2008 with incidence rate of 25.37%.The mumps cases occurred in the seasons except for spring,maily concentrated on late autumn and early winter,and age group from 5 to 15 years old,accounted for 92.47%.Attack rate was higher in city than in farming and pasture areas,that was 35.64‰and 7.65‰,respectively.The sex ratio of the cases was 1.15：1.There was obvious occupational characteristics,with the high risk, population of kindergarten children and students,accounting for 94.41%,and the complication rate of 1.83%.Conclusions Mumps is one of the diseases affecting health of kindergarten children and students.Its invasion is obviously higher than that of planned immunity diseases.It is suggested to conduct study on mumps vaccination strategy for formulating reasonable, standard and scientific vaccination scheme,so as to increase the immunity of susceptible population and reduce the incidence of mumps.