论专利危机及其解决路径

On the Patent Crisis and Its Solutions

专利制度作为知识经济时代最重要的财产权制度,却面临专利失灵或专利危机的指责。梳理现有文献所揭示的、专利法中可能存在阻碍创新的制度因素,实为完善专利理论及制度所必要。专利危机主要表现为:专利商业化程度低、专利权利滥用、累积创新领域的创新受阻、专利丛林、专利竞赛导致的资源浪费、专利授权质量太差、专利制度的人权困境和发展鸿沟,等等。其相应的专利改革方案包括:一方面,国内法上主要体现为改善专利授权质量问题、提升专利的有效利用;另一方面:对于国际因素所导致的专利问题,主要的观点是应该发挥国家在专利政策制定上的适度自主性。

Patent system,one of the most important property systems at the knowledge times,is criticized as patent failure or patent crisis.Thus,it is necessary for improving patent theory that analyzing the existing literatures which reveal the factors of hindering innovation.The main features of patent crisis include the lower commercialization of patent,patent misuse,hindering the innovation in which is the cumulative,patent thicket,resource dissipation which is caused by the patent race,patent quality,the human right dilemma and development division,and so on.The corresponding solutions for patent reform include the two factors： on the one side,improving the patent quality and enhancing the efficiency of the patent utilization through nation law reform;on the other side,recognizing the appropriate autonomy for the nation power to patent policy on the international levels.