“精神病”与刑事责任能力的判断

Judgment of "Mental Diseases" and Criminal Responsibility

在我国精神医学中,"精神病"与"精神疾病"及"精神障碍"的含义是不同的。从精神障碍的特点以及刑事责任能力的主要内容来看,刑法中的"精神病"应作广义理解。为避免不必要的争议,用"精神障碍"取代刑法中的"精神病"更为合理。无论依据国际标准还是国内标准,人格障碍都属于医学上的精神疾病,可以成为判断刑事责任能力的医学要件,但是这并不必然导致无刑事责任能力的判断结果。"有病无罪论"实际上混淆了精神疾病与刑事责任能力的关系。

In forensic psychiatry,the implications are different between＂psychosis＂and ＂mental diseases＂and＂mental disorders＂in China.Judging from the characteristics of mental disorders and primary contents of criminal responsibility,the ＂mental diseases＂ in Criminal Law shall be interpreted in a wide sense.To avoid unnecessary disputes,it is more rational to replace the term ＂mental diseases＂ with ＂mental disorders＂.Either following the international standards or domestic standards,personality disorder is a mental illness from the medical perspective,and may be a medical element for judgment of criminal responsibility.Anyhow,it does not necessarily result in a ruling of ＂non-criminal responsibility＂.＂The idea of acquittal by reason of mental illness＂ has confused the relation between mental diseases and criminal responsibility.