色谱法在麻黄生物碱手性分析中的研究进展

Review on chromatographic methods for chiral analysis on ephedrine alkaloids

生物碱为麻黄中的主要活性兼毒性成分,以3对互为光学非对映异构体的苯异丙胺类生物碱形式存在,这些生物碱不仅对与对之间的药理作用存在显著差异,而且互为非对映异构体的一对生物碱之间作用也不同。此外,通过合成途径获得的几种麻黄生物碱,总是掺杂少量的相应对映体,这些对映体由于失去活性而以杂质的形式存在。因此,为有效合理地控制麻黄及麻黄制剂的质量,应对所存在的异构体分别进行测定。近几年,麻黄生物碱的手性分析成为研究的热点。将近年来麻黄生物碱手性分析的色谱方法进行综述,主要包括高效液相色谱法、气相色谱法、毛细管电泳法,并对各方法的优劣进行讨论。

Ephedra alkaloids, the active and toxic components in Ephedra Herba, are known to naturally exist in the form of three pairs of optically diastereoisomeric amphetamines. These alkoloids show not only the remarkable different pharmacological actiona among pairs, but also the different functions between a pair of diastereoisomer. In addition, the synthetic products of these several alkoloids always intermingles with a small quantity of enantiomers, which are regarded as impurities due to their inactivity. In order to reasonably control the quality ofEphedra sinica and its preparations, and ephedrine alkaloids products, it is necessary to assay diverse isomers including diastereoisomers and enantiomers being in samples. In recent years, the chiral analysis of ephedrine alkaloids become a hotspot. The recent review provides an overview of various chromatographic methods for the chiral analysis of the ephedrine alkaloids. Emphasis will be laid on the analytical methods of HPLC, GC, and CE, and the advantages and limitations of these methods are discussed as well.