金鱼红白虎头和红白蝶尾及其杂交F_1代的体色和体型的分析

Comparison of pigmentation and morphology in goldfish with tiger-type head or butterfly-type tail and their hybrids

用金鱼Carassius auratus var红白虎头(HH)和红白蝶尾(DD)两个品种进行繁殖及杂交,获得了4个Fl代组合HH、DD、HD(HH♀×DD♂)、DH(DD♀×HH♂),并观察F。代的受精率、孵化率、体色分离和体型差异。结果表明:1)反交F,代(DH)的受精率最低,为64.58%。2)4个Fl代的体色均出现分离,分化出青灰色、白色、全红和红白色个体。3)4个组合间,DD组和DH组的全长/体长差异不显著,其余各组之间差异为极显著(P<0.01);HH、HD组与DD、DH组之间的头长/体长差异显著(P<0.05);HH、HD组与DD、DH组间的体高/体长差异极显著(P<0.01);DD组与DH、HD组之间的体宽/体长存在极显著差异(P<0.01),HH、DH组与HID组之间的体宽/体长存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。4)聚类分析结果表明,4个组合在部分形态特征上表现出明显差异,其中DD组与DH组,HH组与HD组差异显著指标较少,DD组和HH组之间的遗传距离最大。5)用主成分分析法构建了两个反映形态特征信息的综合性指标——主成分1、主成分2,两者的贡献率分别为59.876%和29.297%,分析结果显示,DD与DH组、HH组与HD组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。

The pigmentation, morphology, fertility, and hatching rate were studied and compared in goldfish with tiger-type head （HH）or butterfly-type tail （DD） and their F1 hybrids HH, DD, HD, and DH. The minimal fertilization rate （64.58%） was observed in DH, and pigmentation segregations were detected in the F1, showing blue -gray, white, whole red and red-white in body color. There were no significant differences in total length/body length between DD and DH, and very significant differences in the other groups （ P〈0.01 ）. There were significant differences in head length/body length in the four groups （P〈0.01）. The very significant differences in body width/body length were found between HH and HD, and DD, and DH （P〈0. 01 ）. The hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that HH and HD were similar in morphology, and that the DD and DH, and DD and HH were quite different. In two principal component, the contributions of the first was found at a rate of 59. 876% and the second 29. 297%.