白斑狗鱼与黑斑狗鱼的形态差异与判别分析

Morphological variations and discrimination between northern pike Esox lucius and Amur pike Esox reicherti

将传统形态学测定和框架测定相结合,采用聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析3种多元分析方法,对自斑狗鱼Esox lucius和黑斑狗鱼Esox reichrti的不同地理居群共115尾标本的36个测量性状和12个可数性状数据进行统计分析,以探讨两种狗鱼的形态差异。可数性状卡方检验结果表明,白斑狗鱼与黑斑狗鱼的背鳍棘数、臀鳍棘数、臀鳍分支鳍条数、纵行鳞数、侧线上鳞以及侧线下鳞差异极显著。在可量性状上,聚类分析与主成分分析结果一致,黑斑狗鱼乌苏里江种群与嫩江种群差异最小,首先聚为一支,后与黑龙江种群聚为一支,两种狗鱼差异明显,白斑狗鱼为单独一支。判别分析结果表明,不同种群形态差异极显著(P<0.01),判别准确率P_1为96.4%～100%。分析结果显示两种狗鱼在形态上已产生一定程度的差异。

A total of 36 morphometric and twelve meristic features were measured in 115 specimens of both northern pike Esox lucius and Amur pike Esox reicherti to evaluate the morphological variations and discrimination by combination of traditional morphological data with truss network data using cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The meristic features indicated that there were significant differences between E. lucius and E. reichrti in number of spine on dorsal fin, number of spine on anal fin, number of soft anal ray, scale number on lateral line, scale number above lateral line and scale number beneath lateral line. The cluster analysis revealed that the morphometric characters were coincident with the principal component analysis. The northern pike was clearly found to be separated from three populations of Amur pike. There was the minimal difference in Amur pike between Wusuli- jiang fiver population and Nengjiang river population. Discriminant analysis showed that very significant differences were found among the different populations （P〈0.01） , with identification accuracy P1 of 96.4%- 100% in the four populations,indicating that there were some differences between northern pike and Amur pike.