基于回购合同的三级供应链协调

Research on the Coordination of Three-Stage Supply Chain Based on Buy-Back Contracts

现有的研究表明回购合同能够很好地协调二级供应链网络,但对于一个三级供应链而言,协调是否仍然有效,尚无定论。为了回答这一问题,本文建立了由单个制造商、单个分销商、单个零售商组成的三级供应链网络,运用数学模型考察制造商与分销商以及分销商与零售商之间的回购合同对整条供应链的协调作用,结果表明合理设置回购合同参数能够有效增加供应链各成员利润,实现各成员间的"共赢",并得到了实现"共赢"的条件。最后通过一个算例证明了该模型的有效性。

The existing studies show that a two-stage supply chain with buy-back can be coordinated by buy-back contracts. However, it is not known that if this result can be applied to a three-stage supply chain. To answer this question, a three-stage supply chain composed of a manufacturer, a distributor, and a retailer is considered in this paper. A mathematical model is developed to describe the impact of buyback contracts between the manufacturer and distributor, and the distributor and retailer on the supply chain coordination. With this model, it is shown that the three-stage supply chain can be coordinated to be ＂win-win＂ by tuning the contract parameters. Further, with this model, conditions under which the supply chain can be coordinated to be ＂win-win＂ are presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical example.