上海市黄浦江表层沉积物重金属污染评价

Assessment on Heavy Metals Pollution in Surface Sediments of Huangpu River,Shanghai

用沉积物富集系数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险评估法对上海市黄浦江表层沉积物重金属含量进行了评价。结果显示,沉积物中Cd、As和Pb含量富集程度较低,Hg和Cu含量富集程度较高;其分布特征为上游段含量相对较轻,到中游段有所上升,至下游段含量又有所下降,整体呈钟型分布,重金属含量分布规律可能与苏州河对黄浦江下游沉积物的影响和黄浦江中游段有工业污染排放输入有关;河口与内陆河流沉积物中重金属含量存在差异性,河口重金属含量明显下降;调查区37.5%的断面Hg含量潜在生态危害为中等;沉积物富集系数法可用来评价重金属累积程度,而潜在生态风险指数则突出对生物有很强毒性的重金属作用。

Sediment Enrichment Factor and Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Index were applied on heavy metals pollution in the surface sediment of Huangpu River,Shanghai.The result showed that the concentration of Cd,As and Pb were low while Hg and Cu were more higher.The concentration distribution of heavy metals was that upper reaches had relatively lighter pollution,then the pollution of middle reaches attained peak content and the pollution declined in lower reaches,which showed a bell distribution.This might be caused by the affect of the sediments from Suzhou River and pollution emissions from industries.There were differences on heavy metal content in surface sediments between estuaries and inland rivers.Heavy metal content decreased significantly at estuarine.37.5 percent of sites on survey district had medium potential ecological hazard.Hg was the major element of pollution.Sediment Enrichment Factor could be used to evaluate the extent of heavy metal accumulation while Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Index highlighted the biological effects of toxic of heavy metals.