鼓励出口究竟能否促进企业生产率提高的数据验证

Data Integrality on whether Encouraging Export can Promotion Increasing of Enterprise Productivity

出口在经济全球化时代已经越来越受到企业的重视。经典贸易理论都是鼓励企业出口的,Melitz的异质性企业贸易模型全面阐述了出口行为所带来的生产率的提高,但最近的实证研究却认为出口对企业生产率不但没有预期中的促进作用,反而具有阻碍作用。基于这样的研究背景,本文运用2000-2008年中国制造业企业数据并分别用总量法和均值法计算企业生产率来分析出口企业生产率状况,再运用两类方法来检验出口对生产率的影响作用,分析得出选择不同的出口规模衡量指标就会得出不同的结论:其一,用出口产出比作为出口规模时,出口对提高生产率具有阻碍作用;其二,用出口交货值的自然对数作为出口规模时,出口对生产率就具有促进作用。

At the age of economic globalization,the exports have been valued by the enterprise more and more.The enterprise are encouraged to export in the classical trade theory,the improvement of the productivity from the exports has been totally stated in Melitz＇s Heterogeneity enterprise trade theory.But it is considered in the latest empirical study that the exports are not expected to promote but block the improvement effects on the enterprise productivity.Under such research background,in this article we analyse the status of the export enterprise productivity,using the fitures of the manufacturing enterprise（2000-2008） and the gross and averaging methods to calculating the enterprise productivity,and then testing the effects on productivity from the exports using two methods,it is considered in the conclusion that different export scale measure gauges lead to different conclusions：first,using the export-output ratio as the export scale,the exports block the productivity improvement;second,using natural logarithm of the export value as the export scale,the exports promote the productivity improvement.