科研设计应遵守随机原则(英文)

The principle of randomization in scientific research

科研设计包括专业设计和统计学设计,而统计学设计又可分为实验设计、临床试验设计和调查设计。统计学教科书认为,科研设计的核心内容为三要素、四原则和设计类型,而这个核心内容贯穿于整个科研设计之中,成为任何一个科研课题成败的关键。本文讨论四原则中的随机原则,重点关注以下两个问题:随机原则的概念与作用及违背随机原则的实例。通过若干实例揭示严格遵守随机原则对于成功完成科研课题的意义和价值。

Scientific research design includes specialty design and statistics design which can be subdivided into experimental design,clinical trial design and survey design.Usually,statistics textbooks introduce the core aspects of experimental design as the three key elements,the four principles and the design types,which run through the whole scientific research design and determine the overall success of the research.This article discusses the principle of randomization,which is one of the four principles,and focuses on the following two issues — the definition and function of randomization and the real life examples which go against the randomization principle,thereby demonstrating that strict adherence to the randomization principle leads to meaningful and valuable scientific research.