清末上海地区中医公共卫生意识的变迁

Changes in public health awareness of traditional Chinese medicine in Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty

公共卫生意识很早就存在于中国医疗实践中。上海中医在上海近代化和与西医争夺主导权的过程中,逐渐接纳了近代公共卫生意识,并扬长避短,继续在本土公共卫生事务中发挥作用。研究这一时期中医公共卫生意识变迁有助于从更深层次了解中医近代发展的历史脉络,同时为中医参与现代公共卫生事业,进一步发挥作用提供一些可借鉴的经验。本文以文献学、历史学方法研究代表性医家、医学团体医疗实践和著述及大众期刊的相关记载,发现上海地区中医公共卫生意识经历了从传统到近代的过程,即由早期的个人医疗保健和一定程度上的医疗协作转变为在此基础上面向大众的宣传教育。中医宣传方式的多样性和宣传内容的通俗化是中医近代化的途径之一,对现代中医推广有一定的借鉴意义。

Public health awareness existed in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）long ago.In the process of Shanghai＇s modernization and in competition with Western medicine,TCM in Shanghai has gradually accepted the modern public health awareness,fostering its strengths,circumventing its weaknesses and playing an important role in the local public health service.To study the vicissitude of TCM public health awareness at this time will be helpful to further understand the modern history of TCM and also provide useful reference for further participation of TCM in modern public health enterprise.In this paper,the authors used literature analysis and historical research to analyze the medical practice and writings of representative TCM practitioners,medical groups and journals.The results showed that the public health awareness of TCM in Shanghai has evolved from its traditional pattern to the modern pattern seen today;the traditional pattern was characterized by individual health care and some degree of medical collaboration,whereas the modern pattern is characterized by public health education.This process was propelled forward throughout by intense national spirit.TCM has made significant contributions to the local public health service in Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty,which promoted the modernization of public health awareness of TCM in the People＇s Republic of China.The authors also found that one of the ways of modernizing TCM is to diversify the ways of publicizing TCM and make it easily understood,which can shed a new light on promoting the development of TCM.