大件货物海上运输的惯性力研究

Study of Inertial Forces of Heavy and Large Cargo Units in Ocean Transportation

绑扎是保证重大件货物海上运输安全的必要手段之一,而计算货物运动惯性力是绑扎设计的前提。通过介绍基于船级社协会统计数学模型得出的经验公式和基于船舶谐摇运动方程的理论公式两种海上货物运动惯性力计算方法,简要分析了其不同的思路和特点,指出现行的国际海事组织《货物积载与系固安全实用规则（CSS规则）》是经验公式中货物重心距船舶水线-2.4~11.5 m范围内的惯性力计算规范。并通过三个不同的典型大件货物运输实例,指出经验方法在理论公式中所对应的最大横摇角和最大纵摇角范围分别为15°~25°和5°~7.5°,结论可用于指导重大货物海上运输的系固绑扎设计,并为运输重大件货物的风险控制提供参考。

Inertial force calculation is the basis of fastening design for securing heavy and large cargo units in ocean transportation.Two inertial force calculation methods are introduced and analyzed,one is the empirical formula based on statistical model of International Association of Classification Societies（IACS）,the other the theoretical formula derived from ship motion response equations.It concluded that CSS Rule of International maritime organization（IMO） is the special case of empirical formula when the distance between gravity center of the cargo unit and the waterline is within range of-2.4 m to 11.5 m.Calculation of three actual examples of typical large cargo units on barges shows that inertial forces in the statistical model of IACS correspond to those in theoretic equation under the condition of maximum rolling angle 15°~25°and maximum pitching angle 5°~7.5°.The conclusion can be a guide for lashing design and risk control in ocean transportation.