生态影响评价中生境评价方法

Habitat-based Methods in Ecological Impact Assessment

生态影响评价是环境影响评价的重要分支， 生境评价方法是生态影响评价中的主要方法。美国是较早开展生态影响评价的国家， 发展了一批生境评价方法。本文系统介绍了美国两种最常用的生境评价方法———生境评价系统（ＨＥＳ） 和生境评价程序（ＨＥＰ） ， 并简要对比介绍其它方法， 为我国开展生态影响评价提供一定的理论参考。

Ecological Impact Assessment(EcoIA) is an important part of Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA). However, there are no mature methods in EcoIA. Habitat is the basic unit of an ecological system, so habitat-based methods will play an important role in EcoIA. EcoIA has been developed for a long time in the U.S.A and several habitat-based methods have been developed. This paper reviews two methods——Habitat Evaluation System(HES) and Habitat Evaluation Procedure(HEP)——which are widely used in USA. Some other methods are also introduced and compared briefly. These methods will offer some useful reference in the process of EcoIA in China.