古代土遗迹保护的试验

Tests for Preservation of Ancient Earthen Treaces

通过对古代土遗迹风化蚀坏机理和保护对策的探讨,合成了三种代号 TB 的有机硅类保护材料,并着重就其保护作用进行了实验。以直径12mm 高3mm 和5mm 的圆柱形土样片为对象,实验发现 TB 材料在土中的固化时间为4.5～6.0h处理样片碎裂强度增加2～3倍,最大吸水量减少3～6倍,水润湿角149°,水中观察两月不崩解并有很明显的抗酸腐蚀性和一定的抗碱腐蚀性。以粒度0.125～0.200mm 土粉为对象,渗透深度6.8～7.3cm。使用 TB 材料对秦俑弩弓迹、车轮迹和西安老牛坡商代古墓等进行了保护,此后长达两年多时间的观察效果明显。

By means of discussing the decaying mechanism and the preservation strategy of an- cient earthen traces,three kinds of organosilicons called TB materials are synthesized, partically,some of their preservative properties are tested.On cylindric carthen sample of Φ12mm,h3 or 5mm,we find that their solidification time are 4.5～6.0h,wetting angle 145°,creak intensity increases 2～3 times,maximum water absorption value decrescs 3～6 times,they have good anticorrosive property to acid and somewhat to alkaline and can maintain under water for two months.In carthen powder of 0.125～0.200mm,depth of Premcabilitg range from 6.8 to 7.3cm,They were used in the preservation of bow,wagon wheel traces of The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang,tomb of Shang dyn- asty at Laonupo Village near Xi'an and others.Two years observation showed they have good preservative effect.