上海市部分综合医院急诊科就诊自杀患者流行病学特点

Epidemiological characteristics of patients with suicidal behavior in emergency department of general hospital in Shanghai

目的:了解上海市综合医院急诊科就诊的自杀患者流行病学特点。方法:回顾性调查2007年1月至2010年12月上海市10所综合性医院急诊科就诊的所有自杀患者的急诊预检登记资料,统计分析其基线资料(性别、年龄、自杀时间分布、自杀方式等)。结果:收集所有在急诊科登记就诊的自杀患者1 042例,平均年龄(35.85±16.65)岁,其中男251例(24.09%),女789例(75.72%);按照年龄段将患者分为4组,未成年组107例(10.27%),青年组711例(68.23%),中年组131例(12.57%),老年组93例(8.93%);自杀方式中服用药物、毒物者比例最高(超过90%),其次为割腕、自缢等;近4年来自杀患者绝对人数呈逐年递增趋势,自杀行为有时间集中趋势,主要集中在3-9月份,每天多在午后或夜间(13∶00-14∶00,21∶00-24∶00)。结论:上海市综合医院急诊科就诊的自杀患者绝对人数近年呈逐年上升趋势,并具有一定特点。建议建立全市有效的自杀监控登记网络。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of suicide-committing patients treated in emergency department of general hospital in Shanghai.Methods Information on gender,age,time and method of suicide attempts of patients treated from January 2007 to December 2010 in 10 general hospitals in Shanghai were collected.Results One thousand and forty-two cases of suicidal behavior were identified,including 789（75.72%） women and 251（24.09%） men.The mean age was（35.85±16.65） and the age group distributions were as follows： 107（10.27%） under 18,711（68.23%） 18-44,131（12.57%） 45-59,and 93（8.93%） 60 years of age or older.Over 90% ingested medication or poisons;wrist-slashing and self-immolation were the less commonly used methods.A gradual increase in absolute number of suicide attempts was seen over the four-year period.Peak time over the year was from May to September and peak time in the day was 13∶00-14∶00 and 21∶00-24∶00.Conclusions ①From 2007 to 2010 there was a gradual increase in number of person with suicidal behavior and these individuals had a clear demographic profile;②For improving the suicide prevention strategy it is recommended to establish a municipal-wide web-based registry of suicidal attempts.