东京都地震防灾计划:经验与启示

Implications and Experiences from Tokyo's Earthquake Prevention Planning

东京是一个人口密度较高、自然灾害频发的国际大都市,历史上遭受过严重的地震灾害,至今已在城市防震减灾方面积累了丰富的经验。本文从灾害评估→灾难预防规划→灾变危机应急体系三方面考察东京都地震防灾计划的编制,指出国内大都市可以从防灾理念、防灾体制、法律保障、技术支撑、公众参与五个方面进行学习与借鉴,最后提出针对国内大都市地区制定防震减灾计划的建议与措施。

Tokyo, an international metropolis with high population density and frequent natural catastrophes, has accumulated a wealth of experience in disaster mitigation in wake of several severe earthquake disasters. From three aspects of disaster assessment, disaster prevention planning and emergency response system, this paper analyses the preparation and process of earthquake disaster planning in Tokyo. Then it points out that domestic cities could learn from the concept of prevention, disaster prevention system, legal system, technical protection, and public participation. It concludes with the discussion of earthquake disaster countermeasures and mitigation plans for domestic metropolis.