宋杂剧“副末”脚色功能论

The Role of "Fu Mo" in the Song Dynasty Zaju-opera

尽管宋代杂剧的具体演出情况今天已无从知晓,但从宋代一些观赏过杂剧的文人谈片中,还是能大致拼接出其时杂剧演出的大致轮廓以及副末脚色在这一轮廓中的活动身影。本文即通过拼接宋代文人有关杂剧的零星记忆,寻找已渐模糊的副末脚色的宋代杂剧影像,认为宋杂剧中的副末脚色主要承担的是剧末的插科打诨和念韵语"合意思",故尔称为"末"脚。插科打诨的方式一是即兴设诨语,二是糅合其时民间和文人的雅谑,主要是猜枚行令、拆字射覆类的文字游戏,以"接续下韵"。

The actual performance of zaju-opera in the Song dynasty is unknown to us now.But if we put together bits and pieces of records left behind by men of letters of the time who watched the show,it is still possible to present a rough picture of fu mo,a male supporting role whose major task on stage was to gag or to make conclusive remarks,in response to the previous lines by other performers,at the end of a play.