“主仆”—陌路—伙伴——20世纪法国剧作家与导演关系的演变

"Masters-and-Servants",Strangers,and Partners:Evolution of Playwright-Director Relations in the 20^(th) Century France

自从导演艺术诞生以来,导演与剧作家的关系便成为一个重要话题,20世纪的法国尤其如此。在上半期,三百多年文学至上的深厚传统使得剧作家在剧坛上维持了一剧之本的主人地位;但随着社会的发展、戏剧观的变化,自中期开始这种"主仆"关系渐渐受到质疑与颠覆,导演一度成为凌驾于一切之上的新贵,与剧作家渐行渐远,形同陌路,不仅对剧本创作、而且对整个戏剧艺术都造成了损害。而在后期,在剧作家们的不断抗争和努力之下,这种局面终于得到了改变,导演与剧作家之间形成了崭新的合作双赢关系。

Since the establishment of the art of the mise en scene,the relationship between director and playwright has become an important issue,particularly in the 20th century in France.In the first half of the century,the playwright＇s dominant position was sustained by the long tradition of literature;but along with the evolution of the society and especially with the new conception of the theatre,the mid century saw its overthrown and replacement by the director.The relationship was so much deteriorated that they almost became enemies.But finally,due to the struggle and hard work of the playwright,this situation changed and a new win-win relationship has been founded.