春大豆播期光温效应的研究

Effect of Light and Temperature under Different Sowing Date on Spring Soybean(Glycine max L.Merill)

将来自中国北纬22.7°～50.2°不同地点的19个春播大豆品种在2 a中分4个时期(4月21日、5月15日、6月11日、7月1日)进行播种,建立了春播大豆的生育进程、形态性状、产量相关性状的光温效应模型,通过模型参数分析了生态性状的光温效应,探讨了不同生态类型的特征。结果表明:在出苗至初花阶段,光温效应总体表现为缩短生育日数。在前3个播期下,光温效应减少终花至成熟阶段的生育日数,在第Ⅳ播期下,光温效应延长终花至成熟阶段的生育日数。在出苗至初花阶段,光温效应增加株高和主茎节数、地上生物产量。在初花至终花阶段,光温效应降低株高和主茎节数、生物产量,在终花至成熟阶段,光温效应均增加地上生物产量。在前2个播期下,光温效应通过初花至终花阶段增加百粒重,终花至成熟阶段增加单株荚数、单位面积粒数,提高单位面积产量,在第Ⅳ播期下,光温效应通过初花至终花阶段增加单位面积粒数,终花至成熟阶段的增加单株荚数和百粒重,提高单位面积产量。在选育品种时,应选择苗期发育较慢,而在开花期生长速度快的品种。对于早播(前2个播期)条件下,需选育(用)中晚熟的品种,在开花期坐荚率和结实率高、在鼓粒期鼓粒速度快的品种类型;而对于晚播(第Ⅳ播期)条件,需选育(用)早熟的品种,尤其是终花至成熟阶段的生育日数短的品种,在开花期坐荚率高、鼓粒期结实率高的品种类型。

In order to probe the effect of light and temperature（ELT） on spring soybean,19 spring soybean varieties bred from different locations arranging from N 22.7°to N 50.2° were sowed on 4 dates（21th April,15th May,11th June,1st July） in 2 years,respectively.Model of ELT on development,morphological traits and yield-related traits were erected,and by parameters in modles the ELT of ecological traits were analyzed and features of various ecological types were discussed further.The results showed that ELT shortened the growing days from emergence to initial flowering.At the first,second and third sowing date,ELT shortened the growing days from ending flowering to mature.At the fourth sowing date ELT extended the growing days from end flowering tomature.From emergence to initial flowering ELT increased plant height,number of nods in main stem and biomass,from initial flowering to end flowering ELT decreased plant height,number of nods in main stem and biomass,from end flowering to maturity ELT increased biomass.Under the first and second sowing date,by increasing 100-seed weight at stage from initial flowering to end flowering and pods number per plant and seed number per area in the period from end flowering to maturity,ELT increased yield per area.Under the fourth sowing date,by increasing seed number per area at stage from initial flowering to end flowering and pod number per plant and 100-seed weight in the period from end flowering to maturity,ELT increased yield per area.For responding to ELT,varieties selected should grow slowly from merging to initial flowering and develop rapidly in floweringing stage.Ecological types for early sowing date should be characterized as middle and late maturity,high ratio of bearing pods and seeds in flowering stages and high rate of seed-filling.For ecological type suiting for late sowing date,seed-filling stage should be short,the ratio of bearing pods in floweringing stage and that of bearing seeds in seed-filling stage should be high.