普通油茶花粉形态及花粉管活体萌发的研究

Research on pollen morphology and germination of Camellia oleifera Abel

利用扫描电子显微镜观察了3个普通油茶优良品系的花粉形态,并利用荧光显微镜观察普通油茶杂交授粉后不同时间段花粉管的生长状况,以探讨普通油茶在山茶科中系统发育的地位以及花粉管在授粉后的动态发育过程。结果表明,普通油茶花粉形态一般为椭球或近球形,大小中等,具三沟,外壁纹饰为脑纹或桔皮状,符合山茶属花粉的种属特征,在山茶科系统发育中为较原始的类群;杂交授粉后0.5h,花粉管开始萌发,8h花粉管生长端可达花柱中部,24h穿过花柱基部进入子房,约48h即可完成受精过程;花粉萌发试验表明活体授粉的花粉萌发及生长量显著高于离体培养花粉。

To study the evolutionary status of oil - tea Camellia in Theacea and micro dynamic pollination and fertilization of the Camellia oleifera Abel, pollens of three Camellia oleifera Abel species were scaned by electron microscope and the germination and growth of pollen on stigma were observed in this study. The results showed that the shape of pollen was mainly prolate to subspherical from the equatorial view, the pollen grain size were average, the aperture was 3 -colporat and the exterior was similar to orange skin or brain veins, which indicated that oil - tea Camellia might be primitive groups in the Theacea. The pollens began to germinate 0.5h after pollination, and penetrated half way of the style 8h after pollination. They entered the ovary after 24h, and completed fertilization about 48h after pollination. The germination and growth of pollen on stigma was significantly faster than those in vitro.