南京郭家山遗址植硅体分析与湖熟文化环境背景

PHYTOLITHS AND ENVIRONMENT OF THE HU-SHU CULTURE OF GUOJIASHAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE,NANJING

郭家山遗址是目前发现的距江苏南京城区最近的,较大型的湖熟文化遗址。遗址商代至西周春秋文化层的植硅体分析,揭示出南京地区在商代(约3500—3000aBP)气候偏温、偏湿;西周(或西周早期)(约3000—2800aBP)气候温和湿润;西周战国时期(约2800—2500aBP)气候偏温、偏湿。与相邻地区同时段的气候环境变化比较一致。与全新世高温期时我国发达的新石器古文化对比分析,认为全新世中后期的相对温和偏干的气候环境,是具有地方特色的湖熟文化发育的重要环境动力。

The Guojiashan archaeological site,located close to the centre of Nanjing,is an important site for this culture.Phytolith analysis was carried out on horizons ranging from the Shang Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period in order to reveal the relationship between climate change and human cultural development.The results show that during the Shang Dynasty period（3 500—3 000 aBP）,the climate was warm and wet in Nanjing,whilst the succeeding early Western Zhou Dynasty（3 000—2 800 aBP）was characterized by warmer and wetter conditions.In the late Western Zhou Dynasty and in the Warring States Period（2 800—2 500 aBP）,the climate reverted to one like that of the Shang Dynasty.This climatic variation through time is consistent with previous records from adjacent regions.Comparing the climate of during the evolution at Neolithic culture of Yangtze and Yellow rivers with that of during the megathermal period in Holocene,we suggest that the relatively mild and drier climate at the mid to late Holocene played an important role in the origin of the local characteristics of the Hu-shu Culture.