主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)的起源与进化概述

The origin and evolution on major histocompatibility complex

主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)是免疫球蛋白超基因家族中的一个大类,MHC分子作为个体标志抗原早已为大家所熟悉,因而在脊椎动物进化中扮演着不可替代的角色.到目前为止,我们已经完成了包括从真兽亚纲(胎盘动物)到非哺乳动物的部分物种,包括鸟类、硬骨鱼及软骨鱼(如鲨鱼)的MHC的基因结构图,但是由于在非哺乳动物和哺乳动物中MHC的基因结构和复杂度不一样,所以很难对非哺乳动物向哺乳动物进化的这一时间段进行有效的进化史或系统演化史研究.研究人员推测,原始MHC分子的进化最初是与发育调控需求相关的,就其进化机制及进化意义做一综述.

The major histocompatibility complex（MHC） was immunoglobulin super family,as a symbol of individual MHC molecules known as long as antigens in vertebrates,thus plays the role irreplaceable.So far,we have completed from the Eutherian（including the animal） to the placenta mammal species,including birds,part and bony fishes such as shark（MHC genes）.However,the structure inmammals and mammals MHC genes are comple.so it is difficult to study the evolution of this period of history or system effectively.The researchers speculate that the original MHC molecules is initially related to the evolution of the regulation requirements,and discusse the evolution mechanism and evolutionary sense.