中、英、美污染场地风险评估导则异同与启示

Comparison of USA,UK and Chinese Risk Assessment Guidelines and the Implications for China

近年来,随着国家"退二进三"旧城改造政策的实施,全国几乎所有的大中城市正面临着大批多种污染行业企业的关闭和搬迁,这些搬迁企业遗留场地都存在着不同程度的环境与健康风险。开展定量评估人体健康与生态环境风险是建立我国工业污染场地管理体系不可缺少的技术手段,也是适合我国国情并走向可持续性(绿色)土壤与地下水修复及综合环境管理的必然发展方向。包括美国和英国在内的许多发达国家都在利用一种多层次的基于风险的评估技术框架来鉴定和管理污染场地。文章着重比较中、英、美场地风险评估技术导则的异同性及其对完善我国场地风险评估技术导则的启示。

In recent years numerous industrial sites have been abandoned and are subject to relocating due to the implementation of governmental policy known as ＇Withdraw 2 Forward 3＇ that aims to modernize old cities.These sites have been contaminated posing various degrees of health and environmental risks.Quantitative risk assessments play a significant role in the management and regulation of contaminated sites as they leads to a more sustainable（Green） soil and groundwater remediation.Many developed countries including the USA and UK utilize a multi-tiered risk-based framework and relevant guidance to manage and regulate contaminated sites.This paper provides detailed comparisons of USA,UK and Chinese Risk Assessment Guidelines with implications for China being given.