论模仿讽刺作品对合理使用制度的考量

Consideration on the System of Fair Use of Parody Works

模仿讽刺作品是一类特殊的文艺创作形式,特指通过模仿原作内容而对原作加以讽刺或批评的作品。判断它是对原作的侵权还是合理使用,关键是看它是否契合了著作权中的"合理使用"的精神内涵,是否对他人作品提供的材料有着完全崭新的创造,由此而产生对公众有益的新作品。本文通过运用美国版权法第107条判断合理使用的四条标准,对典型案例进行分析,说明该标准对我国司法实践中的同类问题具有借鉴意义。

Parody works is a special kind of literal creation which refers to the works satirizing or criticizing the original works by imitating them. Whether such works infringe the copyright of original ones or just fair use depends on whether it complies with the spiritual indication of Fair Use of copyright and whether it has complete new creation from original ones and produces new works benefiting public. Four standards in the Section 107of U.S. Copyright Act judging Fair Use were cited and typical cases were analyzed in order to show that such standards could be used for reference in our judicial practice for similar problems.