高推重比航空发动机用新型高温钛合金研究进展

Recent Development of New High-Temperature Titanium Alloys for High Thrust-Weight Ratio Aero-Engines

综述了我国航空发动机用高温钛合金材料体系的发展状况。针对未来高推重比航空发动机对新型轻质耐高温结构材料的需求,重点介绍了TiAl合金和SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料2种关键的新型高温钛合金国外研究进展和应用情况。目前我国航空发动机主要应用的是α+β型钛合金,工作温度均在500℃以下,在更高温度使用的近α型钛合金(如600℃高温钛合金)尚处于研发阶段。国外对TiAl合金的研究已近20年,在航空发动机领域已公开报导了10多种TiAl零部件,并且完成了地面装机试验,试验结果非常理想。SiCf/Ti复合材料在航空发动机上的典型应用是叶环类和轴类零件,美、英等国均研制出了多个零部件,并进行了发动机考核试验。TiAl和SiCf/Ti复合材料将是新一代高推重比航空发动机用的2种关键结构材料。

Development status of high-temperalure titanium alloys of aero-engine in China was reviewed. Aimed at demands of low density and heat resistant structure materials for high thrust-to-weight ratio aero-engine, recent developments and applications of TiAl alloys and SiC fiber reinforced titanium matrix composites were introduced. Currently the domestic main alloy of aero-engine application is α ＋β type of titanium alloy, the working temperature are less than 500 ℃ , for using at higher temperatures near α titanium alloy （ such as 600℃ high temperature titanium alloy） is still in developing stage. TiAl Alloy abroad for nearly 20 years, in the field of aero-engine has been public： reports of a dozen TiAl components installed to complete the ground tests, test results are very satisfactory. Respecting SiCf/Ti composite materials in aero-engine typical applications on the blades, ring and shaft parts, US and UK have developed a number of parts, and made the engine assessment test. TiAl and SiCf/Ti composite materials are the two kinds of key structural materials for a new generation of aircraft engines with high thrust-weight ratio.