清代八旗生计问题探析

The Eight Banners Livelihood Issues Discussed

入关后,清政府对旗人采取了"恩养"政策,然而随着旗人人口的增加与旗丁的奢侈腐化,八旗生计问题便日渐成为朝廷的负担和社会的累赘。为此,清政府自康熙朝始,历雍正到乾隆朝耗费巨多帑项,采取汉军出旗、八旗非正身旗人出旗为民、设立井田、赏赐银两、赎回民典旗地、设立养育兵制度等诸多措施,以求解决、维系这种制度,均收效甚微。乾隆初年,政府中的一些有识之士便开始提出了移驻京旗闲散回至东北屯田的思想,并在随后付诸实施,直至清末。虽然这一政策最终未能完全实现统治者的最初目的,但确有相当部分的京旗子弟留在了回屯地。

After entering Shanhaiguan,the Qing government took a supporting policy for the banner-men,but,with the population increasing and the luxury corruption of the banner-men,the eight banners livelihood increasingly became a burden on the royal court and society.So,from the middle of Kangxi Dynasty to Yongzheng,Qianglong Dynasty,the Qing government spent much money and took many measures,such as the Hanjun out of Eight Banners,the establishment of the well-field system,rewarding money,redemption of the sold land of the banners,the establishment of the soldiers raising,system and so on,in order to sustain such the system.