环境犯罪主观方面探析

Subjective Aspects of Environmental Crime

环境刑法是行政刑法的分支,具有行政刑法的双重属性。言其双重性,一是指行为人破坏环境的行为既触犯了行政管理法律法规,又触犯了刑事法律;二是指破坏环境的行为既应受到行政处罚,又应受到刑事制裁。不论是行政处罚,还是刑事制裁,均需要从4个要件,即主体、客体、主观方面、客观方面,来综合考虑行为人的行为。由此,环境犯罪的主观方面就出现了叠加的两个层次,第一个层次是行政法上对于行为违法性认知的主观状态,第二个层次是刑法上对于危害后果认知的主观状态。研究环境犯罪主观方面的意义在于对行为人的犯罪行为做出适当的处罚。

Environmental criminal law is a branch of administrative criminal law,and has dual property of administrative criminal law.Firstly,perpetrator＇s behavior not only violates environmental laws and regulations of the administration but also violates the criminal law.Secondly,the act of destruction of environment should be subject to administrative punishment and criminal sanctions.Whether administrative punishment or criminal sanctions should consider four elements,i.e.subject,object,subjective aspect and objective aspect,to conduct comprehensive appraisal of perpetrator＇s behavior.As a result,the subjective aspect of environmental crime appears two superimposed levels.The first level is the subjective state of awareness of behavior of illegality on administrative law.The second level is the subjective state of awareness of harmful consequences on criminal law.The aim of research on subjective aspect of environmental crime is to make appropriate punishment.