云南开(远)蒙(自)垦殖的背景、历程及历史意义

Background,Process and Historical Significance of Reclaim and Cultivate in Kaiyuan and Mengzi District,Yunnan Province

历史上,开蒙区是云南南部最大的坝区(湿地),区域主要涉及现在红河州蒙自、开远等5个乡(镇),面积634 km2,其中湿地面积300多km2。发生在20世纪30—40年代的"开蒙垦殖"是云南乃至中国的一个非常重要的事件。"开蒙垦殖"始于1935年,前后持续近13年,使湿地变成了良田。垦区的建设与发展不仅对当时政治、社会和经济产生了重要的影响,而且对后来的经济发展与生态变迁也产生了极其深远的影响。由于事件至今已过70余年,受时代交替和传统意识的影响,其全貌至今尚混沌不明。经过一年多的调查、实物收集和人物探访,对有关史料进行了系统查阅和研究,对这段重要的历史过程进行了比较详细的了解,并对现存的发展问题进行了剖析,旨在为开蒙乃至云南的科学发展提供一定的史料依据。

Kaiyuan and Mengzi District is the largest dam area and wetland in south of Yunnan Province in the history,which contains mainly 5 towns and its area reaches 634 km2（including 300 km2 wetland area）.In 1930s and 1940s,the reclaim and cultivate in Kaiyuan and Mengzi district was an important event in Yunnan Province and even in China,which lasted for 13 years.Construction and development in reclamation area had an important influence not only on politics,society and economy at that time,but also a profound influence on later economic development and ecological transition.The event passed more than 70 years,and the overall perspective is not clear affected by era alternation and traditional consciousness.The authors systematically consult and study the related historical materials through investigation,gathering materials and interviews for one year,and research the development problems base on detailed understanding and serious analyzing of these materials to provide evidence for the scientific development in this district.