《战国策》中的特殊比较构式“孰与”

A Special Comparative Construction:"Shuyu" in Zhanguoce

"孰与"是一种特殊的比较构式,基本义为"X跟Y比,怎么样";"孰"一直是疑问代词,有两种用法:疑问人称代词小主语、形容词性疑问代词谓语;"与"是介词,同时隐含动词功能;"孰与"在《战国策》中体现出同形异用:用于比较询问、比较反诘问,比较之后询问的是优劣得失或抉择态度,在反诘中体现的是主观取舍;这说明战国秦汉之际问句的表现手段已经很高明。

＂Shuyu＂（孰与） is a special comparative construction,which has a basic meaning of ＂how about comparing X with Y.＂ As an interrogative pronoun,＂Shu＂has two usages： Subordinate subject and adjectival predicate.Preposition ＂yu＂ conceals the function of a verb.＂Shuyu＂ is divided into two types： Inquiry interrogative for superiority and inferiority and rhetorical interrogative for acceptance and rejection,both in the homographic pattern.This shows in the warring states and Qin dynasty,the questions were raised with great skill.