顺应论下对谎言的认知

Studies of Lies on Adaptive Cognition

虽然一般认为撒谎是不道德的行为,但是我们交际中却时时充斥着谎言,我们每个人也在自觉不自觉中说着谎话。人们撒谎,部分原因是为自己谋取私利,有意为之;另外是出于趋利避害的语用策略,为了照顾自己或对方的社会身份或安全不得以而为之,是社交的需要。语言本身没有对错,但是,说此话和听此话的特定人是有善恶标准的,因此,谎言是语言顺应论下的谎言。根据顺应论,语言具有变异性、商讨性和顺应性的特征,使用语言的过程就是选择语言的过程。在此过程中,命题的交际语境、交际者的期望与目的和参照标准这三个因素共同制约着交际双方对谎言的判断、接受和反馈。

Everyone lies and lies frequently in life.Not all lies are dirty,black or harmful.People sometimes tell lies due to the pragmatically communicative strategies,namely,white lies are harmless in order to protect the feelings and even security of listeners or speakers.Contexts,expectations and motivations,criteria are three important factors to lead to the expressing and understanding of lies,based on the linguistic theory of adaptation.