热电制冷器制冷工作电流特性分析

Current characteristic analysis of thermoelectric cooler

随着高性能制冷CCD成像系统已经成为航天成像式探测的一个重要发展方向,热电制冷作为一种有效的电子设备冷却方法广泛用于重要部件的主动热控。为了实现热电制冷器工作电流的合理选择,在分析热电制冷机理的基础上,首先介绍了热电模块的3种工作模式(制冷、加热和热电发电),同时研究了热电偶内温度分布的一般形式,最后,在第一类边界条件下,针对工作电流对热电制冷器性能的影响进行了详细分析,并指出了在制冷模式下工作电流的选择范围,发现过小或过大的电流都将降低制冷器的制冷效果,为今后热电制冷器工作电流的选择提供了参考依据。

With the development of high performance cooling CCD imaging module in aerospace imaging detection,thermoelectric refrigeration is widely used for precision temperature control of electronic equipments as an effective active thermal control method.So the working current characteristic of thermoelectric cooler（TEC） was analyzed.Firstly,the operating modes of a TEM（thermoelectric module）,such as cooling,heating and thermoelectric generation were introduced based on the analysis of the principle of thermoelectric refrigeration.Then,the temperature distribution in a thermocouple was analyzed under the first boundary condition.Finally,the influence of working current on the performance of thermoelectric refrigerator was analyzed,and the selection range of working current under cooling mode was obtained.The results show that the refrigeration effect can be decreased by too much or too little working current.Therefore these results have great value for the selection of working current of thermoelectric cooler.