学前教育不公平的社会表现、产生机制及其解决的可能途径

On the Unfair of Preschool Education

不公平是一种历史现象、区域现象和复杂现象,我国当下学前教育不公平表现在质和量两个方面。从量的方面来看,表现为地方政府投入经费的不平等、城乡学前教育发展的巨大不平衡、教师身份工资的不平等;从质的方面来看,表现为教育内容、师幼互动和课程选择中的巨大不公平。导致学前教育不公平的根本原因主要有两个:一是社会经济、政治、文化、制度设计的城市偏向与东部偏向,一是政府对学前教育由来已久的忽视和学前教育研究界的封闭孤立。解决学前教育不公平问题主要一是依靠政府建构横纵联通的幼儿教育管理体系与财政投资体系,在区分教育效率与经济效率的前提下明确政府与市场的责任边界,二是依靠学前教育研究界加大对学前教育不公平的研究力度,并勇于承担时代赋予的社会责任,积极主动地运用自身的研究成果影响政府的决策,促使政府改变对学前教育的传统观念,提高政府有关学前教育决策的科学性与合理性。

Unfairness is a kind of historical, regional and complex phenomena. From the quantitative aspect, there are inequality of government invest, urban-rural imbalance, identity and wage of teacher; From the qualitative aspect, there are inequality of educational content, teacher-child reaction and curriculum choice. The author pointed out that there are two aspects of reasons due to the inequality. One is the practical design of economics, politics, culture and institution, the other is the wrong cognition of ideas. Based on the reality of educational life in fact, the author gave the suggestions on how to construct and realize the equality of preschool education.