不同榨菜(茎瘤芥)雄性不育资源的育性鉴定

Fertility Identification of Different Male Sterility Materials in Tuber Mustard

对2份来源不同的榨菜雄性不育材料(涪杂1号×冬榨1号、T84-66A×桐农3号)和3份雄性可育材料(冬榨1号、桐农3号、冬榨1号×桐农3号)的雄性不育性进行了鉴定。试验结果表明,与3份雄性可育材料相比,2份雄性不育材料的花蕾、花朵均较小,花序上花朵分布密度较低,而且雄性不育材料开花前存在柱头外露现象,花朵能够开放,但不能完全展开;正常可育榨菜材料花粉量大,花粉粒饱满呈椭圆形,而2份雄性不育材料花粉量极少,花粉粒圆球形、不饱满;蕾期套袋自交结果发现,5份榨菜资源的结荚率均在98%以上,但正常可育资源其自交亲和指数在10以上,而2份雄性不育资源其自交亲和指数均为0;2份雄性不育材料在蕾期进行剥蕾杂交授粉时,其亲和指数达到10左右。

Two male sterile materials which were differed from genetic background and three male fertility materials of tuber mustard（Brassica juncea L.var.tumida Tsen et Lee） were used to identify their fertility.It was found that the floral bud and flower of the two male sterile materials were smaller than that of the male fertility materials,and the floral bud densities of the two male sterile materials distributed on the raceme were lower than that of the male fertility materials.Flowers of both the male sterile materials were able to bloom,but were not in spreading form.It was observed that the stigma of the two male sterile materials was exposed out of the bud before blooming.The pollen grains of the male fertility materials were ellipsoid and quite plump,and a great quantity of pollen grains were observed,while the pollen grain of the two male sterile materials was in globe and shriveled,and few pollen grains were observed.Pods set percentage of the five materials were more than 98% when raceme were covered with paper-bag before blooming,no seed was obtained in both the male sterile materials,and the seed setting indexes of the male fertility materials were more than 10.On the other hand,the seed setting indexes of both the male sterile materials were near 10 when were pollinated with pollens of male fertile materials.