对外开放、贸易商品结构与中国城乡收入差距——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

Trade Openness,Improvement of Trade Commodity Composition and Urban-rural Income Inequality:An Empirical Study Based on Provincial Panel Data in China

本文描述了1995年以来我国各地区贸易开放度、贸易商品结构与城乡收入差距的变化趋势,依据新经济地理理论及扩展的H-O理论提出了贸易商品结构变化影响城乡收入差距的相关假说,并进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:(1)从全国范围以及分地区来看,贸易开放度的扩大和制成品贸易比重的上升均有利于城乡收入差距的缩小;(2)外资的流入促进了制造业的发展和制成品贸易比重的上升,各省份外资依存度的提高对城乡收入差距具有缓和作用,但统计上不显著;(3)当前劳动力的不充分流动、各省份海外市场接近度的差异等仍是制造业空间布局扩散和城乡收入差距缩小的不利因素。因此,在进一步扩大对外开放的基础上,促进劳动力、资本等要素跨区域充分流动,优化各地区的产业结构和贸易商品结构,对缩小城乡收入差距具有积极作用。

This paper describes the trends of the trade openness,trade commodity composition and urban-rural income inequality in each region of China since 1995.Within the new economic geography theory and the extended H-O theories,the paper puts forward hypotheses about the relationship between trade commodity composition and the urban-rural income inequality,conducts an empirical test.The central results are following：Firstly,in the nationwide and each region,the improving of trade commodity composition and the expansion of trade openness are conducive to reduce the urban-rural income inequality;secondly,the higher FDI-to-GDP can narrow the urban-rural income inequality,which is not significant statistically.Thirdly,the insufficient mobility of factors,the distinctive distance from each province to the overseas markets etc.are still the disadvantages that result in a dispersal of manufacturing industry and the narrow of urban-rural income inequality.Therefore,on the basis of further expanding trade openness,it makes great sense for narrowing the urban-rural income inequality to optimize the regions＇ commodity composition,enhance the great mobility of capital,labor and other factors among different regions and industries,and promote the integration of the domestic market.