古水稻土有机质及有机氮研究进展

Advances of Organic Matter and Nitrogen Study in Ancient Paddy Soils

研究古水稻土有助于了解人类活动对土壤演变及碳氮生物地球化学循环的影响。在江苏昆山绰墩遗址发现的稻田群、浙江慈溪不同利用年限的水稻土,给相关研究开展提供了很好的契机。笔者先概述了不同利用年限水稻土中有机质组成、分布、性质以及与土壤矿物之间的关系,从土壤有机质角度比较了古今水稻土。再概述了国内外近年对土壤有机氮形态成分的研究,提出要结合上述已知古今水稻土的有机质差异,比较古今水稻土在土壤有机氮形态,可溶性有机氮和土壤氨基酸旋光度方面的差异,以初步了解水稻土历史发展中的碳氮循环。最后,对古水稻土今后的碳氮研究作了展望。

The study of ancient paddy soils is helpful for understanding human activities ＇ influence on soil evolution and carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry.The buried rice field clusters were found in Chuodunshan ruin of Kunshan City in Jiangsu Province and a chronosequence of paddy soils was identified with various planting times in Cixi City of Zhejiang Province provided an opportunity and platform to conduct these related studies.In this paper,characteristics of soil carbon composition,distribution,properties and the relation with soil minerals were summarized to compare ancient soils with modern ones.The studies about soil organic nitrogen in demestic and abroad were also discussed.The author hope to find difference in the composition and amino acid optical rotation between ancient and modern soils to know more about soil carbon and nitrogen evolution process.Finally,the future study of ancient paddy soil in carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry was prospected.