元丰优组合不同季节栽培的稻米品质研究

Quality Analysis of Rice Combination with 'Yuanfeng A' in Different Cultivated Seasons

以具有抗稻瘟病、米质较优、优势较强的籼型三系水稻不育系‘元丰A’为亲本,从稻米的加工品质、外观品质和食用品质三方面探讨26个元丰优组合分别在中稻和晚稻栽培条件下米质差异。研究结果表明:元丰优组合在不同季节栽培条件下,晚稻与中稻的稻米相关品质比较:(1)加工品质中糙米率、精米率和整精米率都提高,平均分别提高了2.2%、3.5%和14.8%;(2)外观品质中垩白率和垩白度平均分别下降了56.1%和69.5%;(3)食用品质的糊化温度均不同程度的提高,最高提高了34.1%,最低提高了1.6%,平均提高了13.6%;直链淀粉含量,直链淀粉含量低的组合晚季种植时含量提高,直链淀粉含量较高的组合晚季种植时含量降低的趋势。研究表明:利用‘元丰A’的米质好的优势,通过安排好最佳播期,以避开灌浆期的高温,容易配制出垩白度在5%以内的三级米标准的优质食用稻米。

＇Yuanfeng A＇ is an Indica CMS line,with resistance to blast,high quality and strong heterosis.Twenty six hybridized combinations of ＇Yuanfeng A＇ were planted as middle-season rice and late rice,respectively.In this study,the qualitative differences of these hybridized rice combinations,which contained rice milling quality,appearance quality and food quality,were discussed in different planting season conditions.The results suggested that comparing with middle-season rice,the late rice of ＇Yuanfeng A＇ combinations had three advantages in grain quality.First,the brown rice rate,polished rice rate,head rice rate were found to increase 2.2%,3.5% and 14.8%,respectively in aspect of milling quality.Second,the chalk rice rate and chalkiness degree were decreased 56.1% and 69.5%,respectively.Third,the gelatinization temperature of food quality was found to increase 13.6% on average.While the highest increasing was 34.1%,the lowest was 1.6%.At the same time,there was a trend that the lower content of amylose of combinations was increased,and the higher were decreased.Therefore,＇Yuanfeng A＇ was believed to be easy for breeding high quality hybrid rice which chalkiness degree was within 5% and reached grade 3 of National Standard,using arrange the optimum sowing time to avoid the high temperatures during the filling stage.